Cover of Why We Sleep

Book · 2017 · sleep

Why We Sleep

The New Science of Sleep and Dreams

by Matthew Walker · Recommended by 33 people on 15 podcasts

#26 of 13,382 books, ranked by how many different people bring it up on podcasts

mentions
86
people
33
podcasts
15
episodes
65
recommendations
37

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All of this was prior to the publication of Matt Walker's seminal book, 'Why We Sleep,' which I really see as the book that shifted a lot of people, fortunately, from the 'I'll sleep when I'm dead' mindset to really paying attention to it, and I don't think that gets enough credit.
Andrew Huberman · Huberman Lab · Jun 2023 Listen at 29:16

What they say about it

Grouped from 86 mentions
  • Changed sleep habits“changed my whole approach to sleep”
    4
  • Praised as essential reading
    4
  • Shifted public mindset on sleep“shifted a lot of people”
    3
  • Read multiple times“read several times”
    2
  • Recommended for sleep trouble“having trouble sleeping”
    2

The best things said about it

5 of 86 · every mention
Recommended
Definitely people if they're interested in unpacking sleep, I mean, why we sleep, I believe, is the title of of Matt's book. It'll scare the [ __ ] out of you. It'll scare the [ __ ] out of you in in I think a productive way.
Tim Ferriss The Tim Ferriss Show · May 2025
Recommended
His book changed my whole approach to sleep.
Sergey Young The Rich Roll Podcast · Aug 2021
Recommended
Thanks to the tremendous work of Professor Matt Walker at the University of California, Berkeley, and his excellent book, "Why We Sleep," I believe the world largely acknowledges that sleep is critical to our health, both mental and physical, as well as our performance.
Andrew Huberman Huberman Lab · Aug 2022
Recommended
Well, there is a there's a book I'm absolutely obsessed with right now, so it's hard to think of any other books because I'm having a passionate affair with this one. Uh it's called Why We Sleep, and it's by Matthew Walker.
Amanda Palmer The Tim Ferriss Show · Apr 2019
Discussed
Having read Matthew Walker's book Why We Sleep, I was struck by just how little care I was giving to my sleep habits.
Greg Potter Modern Wisdom · Aug 2018

Where and when it comes up

Mentions per year

Counted mentions by episode date. Our archive is deeper for recent years.

How it comes up

Recommended means the speaker tells listeners to read it.

Most mentions, by podcast

Top 9 of 15 shows

33 people who brought it up

Most recommendations first

Also: Dr John Delony · Jack Lewis · Sergey Young · Steven Bartlett · Jordan Harbinger · Greg Potter · Alexander Ludwig · Ben Coomber · David Perlmutter · Dr. Andy Galpin · Dr. John Kruse · George Mack · James Nestor · Jay Shetty · Matthew Walker · Michael Acton Smith · Michael Blevins · Neil deGrasse Tyson · Rich Roll · Shaan Puri · Warren Cass

Why people recommend it

Why We Sleep by Matthew Walker is a comprehensive exploration of the neurobiology of sleep, detailing how restorative rest impacts physical health, cognitive function, and emotional well-being while warning of the severe consequences of chronic sleep deprivation. The book received widespread acclaim from prominent health and science podcasters. Tim Ferriss recommended the text on The Tim Ferriss Show, noting that its stark warnings about sleep deprivation will scare readers in a deeply productive manner. Dr. Bobby Dubois praised the work on ChooseFI as the definitive resource for listeners seeking nuanced insights into sleep science. Megyn Kelly recalled hosting the author on The Megyn Kelly Show, referencing his vital advice on prioritizing rest around travel and social life. Dr. John Delony recommended the book on his show to assist a caller struggling with erratic sleep schedules. Andrew Huberman frequently spotlighted the work across multiple episodes of Huberman Lab, tipping his hat to the author for raising crucial public awareness about sleep hygiene, physiological temperature rhythms, and the overall architecture of healthy rest.

Every mention

86 counted mentions · 25 passing or ad reads below
Andrew Huberman I really have to tip my hat to uh Dr Matthew Walker from UC Berkeley for writing the book why we sleep you… 21
Discussed
“Matt Walker, UC Berkeley with the book Why We Sleep transformed what we now understand and I and others have been, you know, arguing that people need sleep.”
Discussed
“I do think um it's great that books like Matt Walkers you know why we sleep Etc came out although that book focused more on the the bad things that happen if you don't sleep enough”
Recommended
“I really have to tip my hat to uh Dr Matthew Walker from UC Berkeley for writing the book why we sleep you know it was only a few years ago that book came out”
Discussed
“I’m aware, and we can delve deeper into this, that there is evidence—from Matt Walker's six-episode series on sleep—that THC helps some individuals fall asleep but may significantly disrupt sleep architecture in undesirable ways.”
Recommended
“in fact a kind of Mantra that I learned from the great Matt Walker who wrote The Great Book why we sleep”
Discussed
“In fact, a mantra I learned from the great Matt Walker, who wrote the book Why We Sleep, is this: 'You need to warm up to cool down to go to sleep; stay cool to stay asleep, warm up to wake up.' That’s a straight quote from Matt Walker, so he deserves credit, not me.”
Recommended
“to learn more about Dr Walker's research and to learn more about his book and his social media handles please see the links in our show note captions”
Discussed
“and in your book why we sleep um while they may have stimulated some anxiety for some people”
Recommended
“thank you for joining me for today's episode with Dr Matthew Walker to learn more about Dr Walker's research and to learn more about his book and his social media handles please see the links in our show”
Discussed
“thanks large Le in part to Matt Walker's book why we sleep and the advocacy around sleep from others um we've come to understand that sleep is essential”
Discussed
“of course all of this was prior to the publication of Matt Walker's seminal book right why we sleep”
Recommended
“Yeah, and I say wow because, of course, all of this was prior to the publication of Matt Walker's seminal book, 'Why We Sleep,' which I really see as the book that shifted a lot of people, fortunately, from the 'I'll sleep when I'm dead' mindset to really paying attention to it, and I don't think that gets enough credit.”
Recommended
“And we have lots of episodes now, or three really, on mastering sleep, on perfecting your sleep, and episode guest episode with the great Matthew Walker, who wrote the book why you why we sleep. Incredibly important book.”
Recommended
“This is an emphasis also made by Dr. Matt Walker, an expert sleep researcher at UC Berkeley’s Psychology and Neuroscience Department, author of the incredible book 'Why We Sleep.' He has discussed the importance of sleep on this podcast and others.”
Recommended
“And, of course, Dr. Walker is a world expert in sleep, runs one of the preeminent laboratories studying sleep and its effects, wrote the incredible book, "Why We Sleep," and so on.”
Recommended
“Thanks to the tremendous work of Professor Matt Walker at the University of California, Berkeley, and his excellent book, "Why We Sleep," I believe the world largely acknowledges that sleep is critical to our health, both mental and physical, as well as our performance.”
Recommended
“Also from Nassim Taleb's book, The Black Swan and the great Matt Walker's book, Why We Sleep, which is a book that I've read several times and I actually listen to the synopsis of on Blinkist over and over because there's so many key takeaways.”
Recommended
“For example, I'm a fan of Tim Ferris's *4-Hour Body*, which has provided me with much knowledge, as well as Nassim Taleb's *The Black Swan* and Matt Walker's *Why We Sleep*, the latter being a book I've read several times and frequently listen to summaries of on Blinkist due to the many takeaways it offers.”
Discussed
“I talked to Matt Walker, one of the great sleep researchers wrote why we sleep, et cetera, and has his own podcast about sleep, tremendous researcher, public communicator about sleep and he said, naps are fine provided they don't interrupt your ability to sleep well at night.”
Discussed
“I talked to Matt Walker, one of the great sleep researchers who wrote 'Why We Sleep' and hosts his own podcast about sleep, tremendous researcher and public communicator about sleep, and he said naps are fine provided they don't interrupt your ability to sleep well at night.”
Recommended
“For example, when researching episodes on sleep, one of the valuable books I read is Matt Walker's book 'Why We Sleep.' I've read that book, but I also wanted to ensure I captured the key takeaways, and Blinkist was crucial for that.”
Tim Ferriss Matt Walker also wrote a book called Why We Sleep that has been recommended by multiple podcast guests, mos… 7
Recommended
“Definitely people if they're interested in unpacking sleep, I mean, why we sleep, I believe, is the title of of Matt's book. It'll scare the [ __ ] out of you. It'll scare the [ __ ] out of you in in I think a productive way.”
Discussed
“not that long ago, maybe six months ago or so after I finished Why We Sleep, which is a spectacular book.”
Discussed
“So I want to thank you for the book and then also the input that you've provided over time.”
Discussed
“i'm reading why we sleep i think it is by matt walker right now and he mentioned this”
Recommended
“i'm reading a book right now by matt walker why we sleep and and for those who who are curious matt is a very credible scientist”
Recommended
“matt walker's book why we slept is a phenomenal resource for this stuff”
Recommended
“Matt Walker also wrote a book called Why We Sleep that has been recommended by multiple podcast guests, most recently Amanda Palmer.”
Joe Rogan when it comes to sleep I listen to a guy like Matthew Walker who's a sleep expert 3
Recommended
“that's why I don't [ __ ] around my sleep anymore I read that book why we sleep Matthew Walker is amazing”
Recommended
“That's why I don't [ __ ] around my sleep anymore I read that book why we sleep Matthew Walker is amazing”
Recommended
“when it comes to sleep I listen to a guy like Matthew Walker who's a sleep expert”
Brad Barrett if you listen to people like Matthew Walker who wrote why we sleep he said the shortest phenotype is meetin… 3
Discussed
“Bobby, I'm curious just to take another big step back. You referenced in our last episode uh Dr. Matthew Walker and his book Why We Sleep. I'm curious if you could go into your understanding of literally why we sleep.”
Recommended
“if you listen to people like Matthew Walker who wrote why we sleep he said the shortest phenotype is meeting 6.25 hours of sleep”
Recommended
“and one of the people that I've leaned on is a doctor named Matthew Walker he wrote a book called why we sleep and I've heard him on a bunch of different podcasts and one of the things he talks about is going to sleep in the cold and how it's it's really optimal for deep sleep for optimizing REM”
Dr. Bobby Dubois And for folks who are truly interested, Matt Walker's book is excellent. He is someone who has spent his wh… 2
Recommended
“And for folks who are truly interested, Matt Walker's book is excellent. He is someone who has spent his whole life focused on sleep.”
Recommended
“If people are interested in sleep, Matthew Walker has both a lovely podcast and a great book called Why We Sleep. If people are interested, that's the best resource.”
Peter Diamandis um uh there's a great book called why uh why we sleep um which is amazing 2
Recommended
“um uh there's a great book called why uh why we sleep um which is amazing”
Recommended
“He wrote a great book called, "Why We Sleep." I commend it amazingly.”
Chris Williamson one of them is anyone who is listening will know Matthew Walker on Joe Rogan number 11 or nine why we sleep… 11
Discussed
“great story in uh Matthew Walker's book Why We Sleep talking about um the impact of low sleep on surgeons”
Discussed
“Did you see Matthew Walker's book regarding the percentage of doctors or surgeons who work extended shifts and then have accidents on their way home?”
Discussed
“so Matthew Walker is a guy that wrote why we sleep and number I think it's number 1109”
Discussed
“yeah we saw that matthew walker's book right that why we sleep why should a book about something that everybody does for a third of their life be so revolutionary”
Discussed
“probably have you read every red's why we sleep by matthew walker yes i have lumber”
Discussed
“but like Matthew Walker why we sleep it is an entire book an entire book that says sleep out as sleep eight hours a night”
Recommended
“one of them is anyone who is listening will know Matthew Walker on Joe Rogan number 11 or nine why we sleep if you great podcast unbelievable podcast will be linked in the show notes below if you haven't watched it you need to watch it it will change your life I watch it about a year ago and it”
Discussed
“one of my favorite podcasts that's ever been done is Matthew Walker the guy who wrote why we sleep on Joe Rogan and I think that the topics that particularly resonate with people are the ones that the broadest cross-section of people can relate to everybody sleeps”
Discussed
“I think this is something from that I'd read with Matthew Walker's book which is the important distinction between sleep and sedation when using substances to assist you”
Discussed
“so if you're like with Matthew Walker's book why we sleep it's it's been pretty widespread can you feel a change in the tide of the interest in sleep”
Discussed
“so we have spoke to people like Matt Walker who is a fantastic scientist there are very few people in the world if anybody in the world who knows more about sleep and memory specifically the Matt Walker”
Amanda Palmer Well, there is a there's a book I'm absolutely obsessed with right now, so it's hard to think of any other… 1
Recommended
“Well, there is a there's a book I'm absolutely obsessed with right now, so it's hard to think of any other books because I'm having a passionate affair with this one. Uh it's called Why We Sleep, and it's by Matthew Walker.”
Bryan Johnson We had a Matthew Walker on the program a couple of years ago this sleep expert he wrote this great book abo… 1
Recommended
“We had a Matthew Walker on the program a couple of years ago this sleep expert he wrote this great book about it and he was saying this is so important that you should when when you're considering travel when you're considering business whatever it is that you have to do your social life you need to build it all”
Christian Angermayer I don't know the exact number but read why we sleep from Matthew Walker like I think if if you if you sleep… 1
Recommended
“I don't know the exact number but read why we sleep from Matthew Walker like I think if if you if you sleep 2 three hours less than you should for some days your immune system is collapsing”
Dan Murray-Serter much better than why we sleep and all the other ones that you would read about this stuff 1
Recommended
“much better than why we sleep and all the other ones that you would read about this stuff”
Dr Euan Lawson have you read why we sleep by Matthew Matthew Walker I have yeah what are you good anyone anyone who's list… 1
Recommended
“have you read why we sleep by Matthew Matthew Walker I have yeah what are you good anyone anyone who's listening who's having trouble sleeping before you try and get hold of melatonin or think that burning incense or getting a diffuser in your room is where you need to go by Matthew Walker's book why we sleep”
Dr John Delony I've heard up or down I would get into Matt Walker's podcast and Matthew Walker's book while we sleep that'… 1
Recommended
“I've heard up or down I would get into Matt Walker's podcast and Matthew Walker's book while we sleep that'd be where I'd go”
Jack Lewis probably have you read every red's why we sleep by Matthew Walker 1
Recommended
“probably have you read every red's why we sleep by Matthew Walker”
Sergey Young and i know you have matthew walker on your podcast his book changed my whole approach to sleep 1
Recommended
“and i know you have matthew walker on your podcast his book changed my whole approach to sleep”
Steven Bartlett the fifth most replayed moment is a moment from my conversation with Matthew Walker who is the world's numb… 1
Recommended
“the fifth most replayed moment is a moment from my conversation with Matthew Walker who is the world's number one expert on the subject of sleep he explains the importance of sleep on our overall health on our weights and everything in between”
Jordan Harbinger and in the book why we sleep i thought there's a lot of interesting stuff in here i've got way more notes t… 3
Discussed
“and in the book why we sleep i thought there's a lot of interesting stuff in here i've got way more notes than we could possibly record”
Discussed
“i want to sort of rap though with with dreams but before we get to that there was something in the book while we sleep that was you kind of just barely touched on it”
Discussed
“why do we dream i know that in why we sleep you mentioned that memories and things like that are kind of encoded in the brain during rem sleep”
Greg Potter and when you think about sleek and this is something that Matt discusses at length and with great clarity i… 2
Discussed
“and having read Matthew Walker's book why we sleep I was struck by just how little care I was giving to my sleep habits the implications on your health mood and performance both in the short and long term pretty drastic and I don't think that there can be enough weight applied to just how important sleep is”
Discussed
“and when you think about sleek and this is something that Matt discusses at length and with great clarity in his book sleeps very strange”
Alexander Ludwig because I I saw that I actually read that book while we sleep that author right and I and and that's like t… 1
Discussed
“because I I saw that I actually read that book while we sleep that author right and I and and that's like there's this the percentage of people who can actually do that is staggeringly low you're like the exception that proves the rule”
Ben Coomber the research that comes out from Matthew Walker's book why we sleep is pretty robust on that where he says… 1
Discussed
“the research that comes out from Matthew Walker's book why we sleep is pretty robust on that where he says the reason that you have crazy dreams when you've been drinking a lot is because your REM sleep hasn't been able to begin”
David Perlmutter and a Matthew Walker to for his book why we sleep mm-hmm 1
Discussed
“and a Matthew Walker to for his book why we sleep mm-hmm”
Dr. Andy Galpin many years ago when when Matthew came out with this book it was great like one of the things he talked abou… 1
Discussed
“many years ago when when Matthew came out with this book it was great like one of the things he talked about is sleep debt and you can't repay sleep debt”
Dr. John Kruse Regular to bed in wakeup times Matthew Walker in his great book on sleep one of my favorite things about it… 1
Discussed
“Regular to bed in wakeup times Matthew Walker in his great book on sleep one of my favorite things about it is he really emphasizes this point that quality sleep isn't just about eight hours”
George Mack Well I mean the I remember it's in Matthew Walker's book where he talks about how the number of doctors tha… 1
Discussed
“Well I mean the I remember it's in Matthew Walker's book where he talks about how the number of doctors that have done us”
James Nestor but we know in matthew walker's book when they've converted their lifestyles to the typical u.s or uk or no… 1
Discussed
“but we know in matthew walker's book when they've converted their lifestyles to the typical u.s or uk or north american lifestyle their rates of cancer go way up”
Jay Shetty On the podcast, I've interviewed Matthew Walker, who has done a lot of research on sleep. And his study on… 1
Discussed
“On the podcast, I've interviewed Matthew Walker, who has done a lot of research on sleep. And his study on why we sleep from 2017 shows deep sleep consolidates learning and strengthens memory.”
Matthew Walker I probably caused as much insomnia with my TED talk, you know, titled 'Sleep as Your Superpower' or somethi… 1
Critiqued
“I probably caused as much insomnia with my TED talk, you know, titled 'Sleep as Your Superpower' or something, and people suggested it should have been called 'Sleep or Else...'”
Michael Acton Smith Matthew Walker's book Why We Sleep has has played a huge part in that. 1
Discussed
“Matthew Walker's book Why We Sleep has has played a huge part in that.”
Michael Blevins but like Matthew Walker why we sleep It is an entire book an entire book that says sleep out as sleep eight… 1
Discussed
“but like Matthew Walker why we sleep It is an entire book an entire book that says sleep out as sleep eight hours a night”
Neil deGrasse Tyson So, uh, inbound, and author of the bestseller 'Why We Sleep: Unlocking the Power of Sleep and Dreams'. And… 1
Discussed
“So, uh, inbound, and author of the bestseller 'Why We Sleep: Unlocking the Power of Sleep and Dreams'. And you're a TED talker, why wouldn't you be after all that?”
Rich Roll He wrote this amazing book, "Why We Sleep." So I'm really looking forward to podcasting with him. I read hi… 1
Discussed
“He wrote this amazing book, "Why We Sleep." So I'm really looking forward to podcasting with him. I read his book when it came out and now I'm listening to it on audio book, which has been great.”
Shaan Puri So in Shoony's case, I go, why you know, do you have any credibility? And they go, well, our co-founder or… 1
Discussed
“So in Shoony's case, I go, why you know, do you have any credibility? And they go, well, our co-founder or a partner is this guy Matthew Walker who wrote this book, Why We Sleep. It's a I was like, oh, I've heard that book. It's like a best seller. They go, yeah, exactly.”
Warren Cass how many times do you go out and listen to a Joe Rogan podcast Matthew Walker who wrote why we sleep 1
Discussed
“how many times do you go out and listen to a Joe Rogan podcast Matthew Walker who wrote why we sleep”
Mentioned on the show without a named speaker8
Discussed
“And I'm going to interrupt intentionally, not to puff you up, just because I think it's fair to say, I know, it's fair to say that the cautionary notes you spoke about in those early TED talks and in your book, 'Why We Sleep,' while they may have stimulated some anxiety for some people, they absolutely had and have a”
Discussed
“did you read the Sleep Book or have you guys talked about that on the podcast the why we sleep”
Recommended
“Did you read the Sleep Book, or have you guys talked about that on the podcast—the, 'Why We Sleep?' Oh, by Matthew Walker?”
Discussed
“Matthew Walker's book, 'Why We Sleep,' came out a few years ago, and I think society had a big awakening, excuse the pun, at that point around sleep.”
Recommended
“And I don't mean to be overly negative, but this was discussed in a previous Huberman Lab Podcast episode with Dr. Matthew Walker from UC Berkeley. Walker is a leading expert on sleep and has authored the remarkable book, 'Why We Sleep.'”
Discussed
“one of my favorite podcasts that's ever been done is Matthew Walker the guy who wrote why we sleep on Joe Rogan”
Discussed
“It's like the you know it's like the supplementary information to Matthew Walker's book”
Discussed
“Matthew Walker from why we sleep he talks about melatonin use and says that his sole advice for his primary advice for it should I say is for resetting sleeping patterns”

Also mentioned in the same episodes

Other mentions (25: passing, ad reads, own books)
Passing
“sleep is you know between VO2 max uh I think it's 11 episode 11:09 or 1159 was uh Matthew Walker on Rogan and that was the day that I got redpilled about my sleep because I'd been a oh oh you're not a good sleeper”
Own book
“and for all of the years of work that we've been doing in this field and I I've spilled so much ink over this including in the the book he summarized it in a single sentence”
Passing
“This is episode 4 of a 6-part special series on sleep with Dr. Matthew Walker, Ph.D., a professor of neuroscience and psychology at the University of California, Berkeley, and author of the best-selling book "Why We Sleep."”
Own book
“I came out the gate when I first published um a book and it and I was very dictatorial about it”
Own book
“he is also the author of the bestselling book why we sleep”
Passing
“He is also the author of the bestselling book 'Why We Sleep.'”
Passing
“And actually, uh I have some plans in the not-too-distant future to collaborate with Matthew Walker, the author of the book Why We Sleep, and some other colleagues to try and figure out what exact patterns of neural activity are taking place in the brain and rest of nervous system during yoga nidra and this similar protocol, which I call”
Passing
“and author the bestseller why we sleep unlocking the powers of sleep plus dreams”
Own book
“I think when I wrote the book, I started writing uh the a book that was called Why We Sleep back in probably about 2014 or 15, and at that point sleep was the neglected stepsister in the health conversation of that day.”
Own book
“I’m mixed; I think when I wrote the book 'Why We Sleep' back in 2014 or 2015, sleep was the neglected stepsister in the health conversation of that time.”
Passing
“Dr. Matthew Walker (@sleepdiplomat), is professor of neuroscience at the University of California Berkeley and founder and director of the school’s Center for Human Sleep Science. Dr. Walker is the author of the New York Times and international bestseller Why We Sleep: Unlocking the Power of Sleep and Dreams, which was recently listed by Bill Gates as one of his”
Own book
“There's definitely been a remarkable amount of evidence, so much so that perhaps a dimwit like me can try and write a book that's 130,000 words of facts.”
Ad read
“I've used it for example with Matt Walker's 'Why We Sleep,' an excellent resource on sleep, as well as Tim Ferriss's 'The 4-Hour Body,' Nassim Taleb's 'The Black Swan,' and many others.”
Own book
“the tone of the book in some ways you know i look back and think could i have been a little softer”
Own book
“Dr. Walker is also the author of the international best selling book "Why We Sleep".”
Passing
“Dr. Matthew Walker, a professor of neuroscience and psychology at UC Berkeley, and also author of Why We Sleep, the mega-hit, is Oura's chief science advisor, as just one example.”
Ad read
“Dr. Matthew Walker, a professor of neuroscience and psychology at UC Berkeley, and also author of Why We Sleep, the mega hit, is Oura's chief science advisor, as just one example.”
Passing
“tim ferriss had just come out with his book and he was probably looking at quantified self stuff with 20 other geeks like me in san francisco and the editor of wired”
Own book
“well that was the funny thing with the book i think you know i wanted to i'd done enough public lectures out there in the world that i started off speaking about the wonderfully good things and amazing things that happen when you get sleep”
Passing
“I mean is there's an awful lot an awful lot to go through there but I know that a lot of the people who are listening will have heard me mention a number of times Matthew Walker's book why we sleep”
Passing
“man right now I'm reading a book called why we sleep and it's pretty fascinating”
Passing
“you know right now I'm reading a book called why we sleep and it's pretty fascinating but I would love to learn a little bit more about Socrates”
Passing
“I was listening to Matthew Walker dr. Matthew Walker say ten hours”
Own book
“in the book I write about a series of studies where they had people in”
Own book
“and the book is called why we sleep and it is out now on Amazon and all major booksellers”

Portraits from Wikimedia Commons: Andrew Huberman, Jamesbrianbounds / Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0); Tim Ferriss, Mukhatir at English Wikipedia / Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 3.0); Joe Rogan, The White House / Wikimedia Commons (Public domain); Peter Diamandis, Brassfield / Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0); Chris Williamson, CiaPeterson / Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0).